What’s on the Ethereum Roadmap: Glamsterdam, Hegota and Beyond

Like all of them blockchain work, Ethereum is under development, with upgrades planned to make it faster, cheaper, and easier to use.

Instead of a single “Ethereum 2.0” event, the network evolves through so-called evolutions hard forks which introduce new features or change the way the protocol works.

Starting from Connect in September 2022, developers will focus on upgrading, lowering transaction costs, improving wallets, and making it easier to manage nodes and verifications. The Ethereum team also wants to upgrade about two times a year when research and testing are ready.

Ethereum’s rollup-focused scaling strategy

The Ethereum development system depends on it part-2 network. These are separate blockchains built on top of Ethereum that process transactions and send results to Ethereum for security and stability.

Many layer-2 systems use it rollupswhich collects many transactions together and puts them in Ethereum as a single group, which allows Ethereum to support many tasks without having to rework each task.

As a result, much of Ethereum development is now focused on making it cheaper and easier for rollups to use the network.

Part 6 of the Ethereum map

In July 2022, co-founder of Ethereum Vitalik Buterin he explained six network traffic levels such as Merge, Surge, Scourge, Verge, Purge, and Splurge.

These stages are not just single lifts but major goals, and different progressions.

• Integration: It has been completed. Ethereum moved from mining to staking, reducing energy consumption by about 99.95%.
• The Surge: To continue. Focusing on upgrading Ethereum so that rollups can process more transactions at a lower cost.
• Epidemic: To continue. It focuses on reducing the influence of middlemen in block creation and ordering maximum extractable value (MEV).
• Seaside: To continue. Its purpose is to introduce Verkle Prices and similar changes to reduce the need to support the authentication of the Ethereum world.
• The Purge: To continue. Focusing on cutting back and simplifying the process to make Ethereum easier to maintain.
• The Splurge: Slow collection is a long-term upgrade that improves usability.

Long-term evolution of Ethereum

Ethereum on road map it is managed through a series of hard forks.

Complete upgrade

• September 2022 – Integration: Ethereum price change proof of employment to proof of interestreducing energy consumption by about 99.95%. Officials have now locked down ETH to secure the network. The change changed Ethereum’s security system but did not directly reduce fees or increase the speed of transactions.
• April 2023 – Shanghai/Shapella: Shapella support validator deduction. Early adopters locked up ETH for years without a withdrawal mechanism. The upgrade resulted in partial withdrawals and full withdrawals.
• March 2024 – Dencun: Dencun introduced proto-dankharding (EIP-4844). It added temporary “blob” storage, creating a cheaper data rollup space so it no longer competes with traditional block space transactions. This greatly reduced the cost of many layer-2 networks.
• May 2025 – Pectra: Pectra combined the promotion of “Prague” (execution) and “Electra” (acceptance). Wallet updates like the EIP-7702 allow regular wallets to act as smart accounts in some cases, enabling things like combining transactions into a single transaction or paying for gas. The upgrade also raised the cost of working per permit from 32 ETH to 2,048 ETH, allowing large users to merge into fewer permits, which some fear could increase jail time. Pectra also increased Ethereum’s ability to use data.
• December 2025 – Face: Ethereum’s hard fork Fusaka (short for Fulu-Osaka) was opened on the mainnet in early December 2025 and focused on data availability, including Peer Data Availability Sampling (PeerDAS), which allows validators to verify small samples of the data rollup instead of downloading it all. This supports higher throughput per block without requiring more powerful hardware and is coupled with higher data throughput at the protocol level.

More planned and upcoming

• First quarter of 2026 – Glamsterdam (purpose): Core developers are targeting a mid-2026 upgrade called Glamsterdam as part of Ethereum’s roughly biannual fork cycle, although the timing may change. The upgrade focuses on the development of the base layer by enabling parallel integration through block-level access lists and integrating builder-builder separation (ePBS) directly into the protocol to improve block construction and release. The upgrade is also expected to change the cost of state storage to better reflect hardware requirements and reduce database size. Additional proposals include changes to the approval rules, lower ETH fees, fair pricing, and official addresses for inter-chain collaboration. Node and staker users will need to update their clients to support the fork.
• Second half of 2026 – He can’t: The Hegota upgrade is planned for the second half of 2026, although the final phase is still being defined. The main goal is to adopt Dress the Treeswhich allows nodes to verify blockchain data with much smaller proofs and reduces state storage requirements. This would move Ethereum closer to a decentralized architecture, reducing hardware demands and making it easier to run nodes. Developers are also working on improvements such as Fork-choice Enforced Inclusion Lists (FOCILL), which aims to promote resistance to the ban, as well as smart changes on the account (including visual events) that will help things like support gas and restore social order once it is over.

Upgrade names and sizes may change during development as concepts are refined before each hard fork.

What Ethereum is raising aims to achieve

The Ethereum roadmap continues to evolve as research progresses and upgrades are tested on devnets and testnets prior to mainnet deployment.

This guide will be updated as new events are confirmed.